Autori: Sopiko Kuras, Caucasus International University (Georgia)
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Fantoni, G., Martini, A., Digitalization, data, interoperability and digital tools (AI included) in higher education,“Rivista Universitas”, Vol. 1, no.1, December 2025, pp. 6-37. https://doi.org/10.65158/SKBX7449DOI:
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Luglio 2026
Abstract
This study examines the legal regulation and practical enforcement of institutional autonomy and academic freedom in the higher education systems of post-Soviet countries, with a particular focus on the Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) and the South Caucasus (Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan). Higher education reforms in these regions aim to strengthen academic independence and enhance the degree of institutional autonomy, both of which are crucial for the proper functioning of modern universities. The article adopts a qualitative comparative approach, the analytical criteria and scope of which are set out in the following methodology section.
Comparative analysis reveals that the legal foundations of institutional autonomy and academic freedom are defined within legal acts of varying hierarchical levels. In some countries, these rights are enshrined in the constitution, whereas in others they are regulated by legal instruments subordinate to the constitution. This discrepancy can affect the effectiveness of their protection. Moreover, beneficiaries within the academic sphere – including faculty members, researchers, and students – often lack a clear understanding of the content and scope of these rights, which further complicates their practical enforcement.
The findings indicate that despite the existence of formal legal regulations, the level of protection for institutional autonomy and academic freedom varies significantly between countries. These variations are often influenced by legal nuances as well as a general lack of awareness and understanding of what academic freedom and institutional autonomy entail. This study underscores the critical role of legal instruments in the process of higher education reform and offers recommendations for improving the legal environment and its enforcement. Enhancing these frameworks will enable universities to maintain high academic standards and institutional independence
Parole Chiave:
Institutional Autonomy, Academic Freedom, Higher Education, Post-Soviet Countries, Legal Framework, Higher Education Reform
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